Boiler structure



Jan. 10, 1950 J. J. CAKES BOILER STRUCTURE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 14, 1947 v INVENTOR. JOHN J. 04x55 ATTORNEYS Jan. 16, 1950 J. J. OAKES 2,494,140

BOILER STRUCTURE I 1 Filed Feb. 14, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ill *1 INVENTOR. /4 JOHN J. OAKES BY Y Patented Jan. 10, 1950 Y 'uN1TEo STATES PATENT OFFICE-'77:;

John J. Oakes, Chinchilla, Pa. Application February 14, 1347, Serial No. 728,580

- This invention relates to a boiler structure, and more particularly concerns the assembly and arrangement of tubes affording bailied flue passages and provided by multiple units which can be made, assembled and replaced.

A feature of the invention is the construction of a unit for such a boiler from lengths of tubing which are joined by welding or like joints to form an integral piece.

Another feature is the construction of a unit for such a boiler from lengths of tubing of different diameters whereby the parts of larger diameter provide closing walls around flue spaces when the units are joined, while the parts of smaller diameter provide heating elements interposed in the flue spaces.

Another feature is the construction of such units of lengths of tubing which are smooth internally and so disposed that the major heating elements provide free flow and downward passage for mud and sludge.

A further feature is the provision of a boiler structure comprised of multiple units each having side members, and a top member formed of lengths of tubing joined together, and wherein certain units also have a cross member connecting the side members below the top, and certain units have a vertical tube connecting such a cross member with the top, whereby to provide a furnace arch and a flue space thereover which is divided by a baflle or partition formed b said vertical tubes.

With these features as objects in view, an illustrative practice of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the boiler structure with the surrounding housing, lagging and attached parts;

Figure 2 is a corresponding perspective view with the housing, lagging and attached parts omitted; Figure 3 is an upright sectional view throughthe structure of Figure 1, essentially representing the same with the front plate and the front parts of the lagging removed, and the other parts of the side wall and top wall lagging broken away to show header connections;

Figure 4 is an end elevation of a front unit; Figure 5 is an end elevation of a first central unit;

. Figure 6 is an end elevation of a second central unit;

" Figure 7 is an end elevation of a rear unit; 5. .Figure 8 is a horizontal section through the 6 Claims. (Cl. 122-288) flue space of the illustrated structure, substantially on the lines 8---8 of Figures 3 to 6. 1

In these'drawings, the boiler has an enclosing jacket or housing H, which includes the front plate J having the fire box door K, the ash pit door A, and the flue clean-out doors L, and-a rear plate M having an outlet'for the chimney pipe N. The plates J, M are connected byrtie bolts R passing through eyes formed on the plates. Within this jacket is a fireproof and heat-insulating lagging P. The illustrated boiler is for hot water house-heating service, and has the hot-water delivery pipe S and the water returns T. v

The boiler is formed of multiple units A, B. C, and D, and the headers E and F. Each of the multiple units is formed of water tubes and is constructed by cutting metal tubing to size and shape, and joining the parts by welding. Each of the units has the upright side members'lil, H and the top member 12. The lower ends of the side members are closed by plates l3, and are provided with the downwardly and outwardly directed connection pipes M of small diameter and of a length to extend through the lagging P.

The front unit A has a cross tube l5 connecting the side members Ill, II at an inter mediate level of their height; this cross tube illu'stratively being .formed to slope upwardlyto Ward its center at angles of about five'de'gre'es to the horizontal. The unit A also has a con tral upright tube l6 which joins the top'member l2 to the header E. Smaller upright tubes" I! also connect the cross tube I5 and top member l2, at points spaced from the centers thereof.

The central units B and C likewise each have the side members H), II; the top member l2; the plates [3 with connection pipes I4; the in termediate level tube IS; the top connection It; and the small upright water tubes H. The units B and C also have the upright central tubes- 18 which join the center of the tube IS with the center of the top member l2 in each unit. 'The units B and C differ from one another, when viewed from the front of the assembly, in that the tubes I1 are staggered relatively to right and left (Fig. 8). I we? The rear unit D'has the side members I 0, l; the topmember l2; the plates l3 withconnection pipes M; the top connection l6; and the central upright tube l8. In this unit D, the intermediate level tube I5A only extends from Side member Ill to the upright central tube 18, and the smaller upright tubes I! are provided'at this side only."

These units are identical in external outline and shaped so that they can be arranged close together, wherewith the side member ID of each central unit abuts the side members I of the adjacent units for its entire height to provide a side wall for the furnace and flue spaces. Likewise the side members l i provide a side wall, and the top members [2 provide a top wall. The tubes l likewise abut and provide an arch over the furnace" or fire box. space, which is closed at the front and sides, but has an opening'at the right rear, in the illustrated form, due to the omission of one-half of the intermediate level tube in providing the member [5A (Figfllll The upright tubes l8 also abut one another, and provide a baflle wall which divides the flue space above the arch wall formed by-tubes. 15, A; the omission of the tube l8 from' the front unit A (Figs. 3 and 4) provides a connecting opening through this baffie wall.

.The;' small tubes- I15 in the central; units 13. and C are staggered with. relation to one another 4, 5; and 8),. so that large. areas are presentedto. the. hot gases passing. forwardly in the riglitehand' part; of the flue andrearwardly in the. left-hand part: thereofas indicated. by the arrows and these gases are; deflected and their heat. aco'ntent. caused to; transfer to;'the several tubes 0,; it, l2, L5, H, 18;, and thus. to the fluid ilmthese. tubes. 1

Ini'erecting; the furnace, a. desired number of the central units Band C are positioned in alinement. and against. one another, and the front; and rear units A and D positioned to complete the nest; Headers. E, F of? the proper length and having pipe. connection stubs of the proper size and: spacing" re. placed opposi the pipes l4, l6. and connected thereto by the separable.unions .Elhe: lagging is placed, and the jacket installed; the tie. bolts: B; being drawnv tight before the-lining orlag-ging material sets.

as. a hot water boiler, the water returns to? the. lower manifolds orheaders F; and passes hrough: the. pipes Hi. to the respective units. the-water flows. iii-the pipes-1G,. II and t5 which aria-of. largersize; and throughthe pipes I1 of smal e siz si rates dependent upon the thermal change; of; density producedby the heating of these pi-pes., The heated water then enters the tep-tube-member' t2 and: passesth-rough top c n, nection it. tathe top an o or h d r and thence is delivered for service'inthe usual way.

use; asva steam boiler, the water supply by ret rne feeding s em is cu eh-t. to. the. lower aders. E to stablish a des r d v l; in. the. system; plieterably abovethe tubes; l5 providing the i-n'e arcl1;..ai1d.usually to:- a level; close to; the. upper tubes t2 or even above. the lower inner; surfaces ct these,- tubes... but below the upper inner surfaces of these; tubes. The water is: heated and steam generatedin; the tubes, and collects in the; tubes t2: and. time passes to the; upper or outlet header: E. The turnace space below the archformed of pipes i5 is illustrated: (Fig.3); as including a. grate W- on which list? bed- Qf Goals trom which the hot gases rise and flow rearwarchw-ith the lower surfaces oitubes. la and the inner surfaces of thelower ends of side-members II), it being heated the coals; and. the gases. by radiation-and convec ion the-gases then pass upwardly at the right rear, between tubes it and 1 Bot unit-D, and ew i ward v hrou hi he hohand: flu ther with heatin the tube it: the nner surface of the upper part of tubes t I.-, the-lower surface of top members i2, and the right-hand surfaces of tubes l8. The gases then pass across the front of the tube [8 of the first unit B, through the space provided by omitting tube [8 from the unit A; and thence rearwardly in the left-hand flue space, heating the exposed tube walls. The gases then pass through the smoke pipe N to the stack.

The boiler can be assembled for the desired capacity by employing one each of the front and rear units A, D, and the desired-number of central units B, C, to provide the intended heating area. The lengths of the headers E, F, the side parts of the jacket, and the tie bolts R are correspondingly selected.

In the illustrated form, the tubes [4, l6 are provided at their ends with union couplings located outside the lagging P, for connection to the mating flanges provided on the headers E, F. In this way, if any individual unit fails by burning out, plugging, or other damage, the tie bolts, jacket. and lagging can beremoved, the connected couplings of the unit separated, and the unit Withdrawn and replaced by another. Also, it is feasible to operate the boiler upon failure of a unit and while awaiting a new unit, by separating the. couplings of the defective section, and placing caps; upon the header stub tubes.

In practice, a boiler of this type formed of foul?- teen units having the larger tubes ill, -H l3, l5, 18 of tour-inch tubing, and the smaller tubes. ll of two-inch tubing, can furnish hot water for up to $00G Square feet of radiation, amounting to about. 35 feet; of radiation for each square foot, of heat.- ing surface. and an evaporation rate of about 1 4 /2. pounds of water per pound of coal.

It is obvious. that. the illustrated form is not restrictive, and:v that the invention can be used in many ways within the scope of the appended claims,

I claim:

- l. A boiler comprising a plurality of units, each unit being composed of, tubes cut and welded together to provide upright sidemembers, a top member, and an. intermediate cross member at a level between the upper and lower ends of the side. members, said units including central units each having also a vertical tube connecting the top and cross members thereof, said units also. including, afront. unit from which such a vertical tube is omitted, and a rear unit having its cross member extending only from one side member to the vertical tube, the latter providing a passage for; movement of furnace gases from belowthe level of the cross members into the flue space abov the same, said members and vertical tubes having-essentially identical dimensions from front to back of the respective unit, said units being assembled with said side and top members. formwalls above the cross. members to provide the said flue space, and said vertical tubes mutually abutting to constitute a partition wall dividing said flue space, and means effective to hold the units assembled.

2; A boiler as in claim 1, inwhich the units also have tubes smaller than said: members and connecting saidtop and cross members thereof.

3. A boiler as: in claim 2, in which the smaller tubes in successive members are staggered relative to: one another for providing tortuous paths to the gases moving in the flue space.

4. A. boiler as; in claim 1, in which each unit has connection pipes extending downward and outward from the: bottoms of: the: side members and also; has connection. pipes extending: upward from the top member, inlet and outlet headers having connection pieces alined with said pipes, and separable pipe connections joining each said pipe with its corresponding connection piece.

5. A boiler comprising a plurality of units of identical outer size and shape, each unit being composed of upright side members connected by a top member, one end unit and the central units having also a cross member at a level between the upper and lower ends of the side members and connecting said members, the other end unit having a cross member at said level and connected to one side member and terminating short of the other side member, the central units and said other end unit each having a vertical tube connecting the cross member with the top member, said units being assembled with said side and top members forming essentially closed walls and said cross members abutting and forming a fire arch wall essentially closed except for the space where the cross member of the said other end unit terminates short of a side member, and with the vertical tubes forming an essentially closed wall extending along the boiler except above the cross member of said one unit, and means efiective to hold the units assembled.

6. A boiler as in claim 5, in which the cross members are inclined upwardly and away from the respective connected side members at substantially five degrees to the horizontal.

10 JOHN J. OAKES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 15 file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 486,017 Bailey Nov. 8, 1892 993,690 Kitchen May 30, 1911 20 1,889,412 Lukomske Nov 29, 1932 

